Marketing Mang KOtler test bank ch cosumer free essay sample

Chapter 6 – Analyzing Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior True/False Questions 1. Whirlpool uses staff anthropologists to determine how exotic cultures do their laundry. False (easy) p. 111 2. Culture is the most fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior. True (moderate) p. 112 3. Social classes are relatively heterogeneous and enduring divisions in a society. False (difficult) p. 113 4. If you reject the values of a particular group, it is considered a dissociative group. True (moderate) p. 113 5. Religious, professional, and trade union groups are types of secondary reference groups. True (moderate) p. 113 6. Of the major factors influencing buying behavior, your family will exert the broadest and deepest influence. True (moderate) pp. 114-115 7. Family members constitute the most influential primary reference group. True (easy) pp. 114-115 8. An opinion leader is a person who offers informal advice or information about some product category. True (easy) p. 114 9. The value of the social class concept to marketers is that members of a given class tend to share similar values, interests, and behavior. True (moderate) p. 113 10. Usually people from the same subculture, social class, and/or occupation have essentially the same lifestyle. False (moderate) p. 116 11. The buyer’s age and occupation are considered personal factors that may affect buying decisions. True (easy) pp. 115-116 12. Because human needs are universal, status symbols are the same worldwide. False (moderate) p. 117 13. VALS 2 is designed to reveal why people believe and act as they do, specifically their consumer behavior. True (moderate) p. 116 14. The VALS 2 segment Experiencers is made up of conservative, conventional, and traditional people who favor familiar products and established brands. False (moderate) p. 116 15. Perception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world. True (moderate) p. 118 16. Most human behavior is learned. True (easy) p. 119 17. The buying decision process will involve the same stages regardless of whether the purchase reflects high or low involvement. False (moderate) p. 120 18. If in order to buy a computer, James visited several electronic stores, read magazine reviews, and talked to several friends, he would have exhibited high involvement in the consumer decision process. She has gone to the country club every weekend since she can remember. She likes to take tennis lessons and has even tried golfing. She is co-captain of her high school’s varsity cheerleading squad. Her parents would like her to join the Honor Society (his grades are good enough), but she thinks its members are losers. Her boyfriend is a starter on the basketball team. In a short essay, identify the different types of reference groups and discuss the three ways they influence behavior. Answer: Tiffany’s parents, the other cheerleaders, and the Blink-182 fan club are primary groups. The people at the country club is a secondary reference group. She sees the Honor Society group as a dissociative reference group. The boyfriend’s clique may be an aspirational group. Tiffany’s reference groups expose her to new behaviors and lifestyles. They influence her attitude and self-concept. And they create pressure for conformity that might affect actual product and brand choices. (moderate) pp. 113-115 73. Aubrey, Will, and Miguel were watching the Arizona Diamondbacks on television when a Dodge truck commercial came on followed shortly by one for Toyota trucks. Will is in the market for a new truck, so he paid close attention to both commercials. Aubrey saw the same commercial and wondered why anyone would want to run a shiny new truck through all that mud. If you had to drive it in the mud, then a truck was not for her. Miguel used to have a Toyota truck and decided that if his experience were any indicator, the Toyota truck truly is â€Å"the mayor of Truckville. † In a short essay, discuss how their responses to the TV commercials illustrate perception? p. 118 74. The information search in the buying decision process involves gathering information from a number of sources. In a short essay, name the four different sources and give examples of each source an individual would use when buying new carpeting. Answer: Personal sources would include family, friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. Commercial sources would include advertising, salespeople, and store displays. Public sources include publicity pieces in print and broadcast media, including the Internet, and reports by consumer-rating organizations. Experiential sources might by taking your shoes off and walking on samples at the store or feeling a friend’s new living room carpeting with your hands.  (easy) p. 122 75. Explain how a consumer buying a car is involved in a cluster of activities, as opposed to being involved in only a single task. Answer: The act of making a decision to buy a car is itself a complex task. But consumers engaged in such a process are generally in the market for other related goods and services at the same time. For example, after deciding which car to purchase, the consumer needs to consider car insurance providers, their premiums and service levels. Most consumers finance, rather than pay for a car outright. This involves assessing different options, such as which bank, credit union, or other source to choose, as well a comparison of the interest rates they each may charge. The consumer also may be considering whether to add on accessories, either as part of the purchase or as post-purchase additions. This is referred to as an activity cluster in the text. (moderate) p. 121 Mini-Cases Mini-Case 6-1 Sean McMillan is shopping for a new car. He is very concerned about receiving value for his money. He believes cars are transportation and should be driven until they fall apart. He does not understand how people can trade in their car for a new one every few years. This view of cars is very much part of his Scottish-Irish heritage. Sean’s lifestyle can be best described as comfortable, frugal, reflective, mature, and stable. He favors durability, functionality, and value in the products he buys. He must have a vehicle that is large enough to hold his two teenagers comfortably. After talking to his wife, his brother, and a few co-workers, Jim test drives a minivan but decides he likes SUVs with V-8 engines. 76. Refer to Mini-Case 6-1.

The Effectiveness Of Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Essays

The Effectiveness Of Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Winston 1 The Effectiveness of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter The effectiveness of symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter adds to the story. Hawthorne uses symbolism in many ways throughout this novel. By adding this marvelous feature he makes it clear to what he is trying to accomplish. The scarlet letter itself is symbolic. In this novel locations, colors, and people are all major elements of symbolism that bring out the story. Unlink other forms of symbolism used by Hawthorne location was a key ingredient in the creation of The Scarlet Letter. She silently ascended the steps, and stood on the platform, holding little Pearl by the hand. The ministry felt for the child's other hand, and took it. The moment that he did so, there came what seemed a tumultuous rush of new life, other life that his own, pouring like a torrent unto his heart, and hurrying through all his veins, as if the mother and the child were communicating their vital warmth to his half-torpid system. The three formed an electric chain (181). The scaffold is the location where most important events take place. The scaffold is, where Hester is sentenced to wear the scarlet letter, and is also the location where Dimmesdale died confessing his adultery. All public humiliation as well as punishment takes place at the scaffold. Hawthorne uses the forest is another effective use of symbolism. He shows how anything affiliated with the forest is considered evil to the Puritans, however he uses Pearl to show the forest as being beautiful and natural. Winston 2 Hawthorne uses also color as another major form of symbolism. According to American Literary Classics, Outside the door of the prison, ?the black flower of civilized society,? sprung a wild rosebush in nominal of the deep sympathetic heart of Nature. Black, thus, seems to symbolize the dogmatic, harsh, and restrictive nature of Man's law and civilized society, whereas, Red is symbolic of the open freedom of Nature. Hawthorne well placed locations help intertwines location with color and nature. ?The people strike me not as characters, but as representatives.?(James, Henry) Hester Prynne and Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale share a common trait; they both symbolize sinners. Hawthorne also stresses that Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Hester are all symbolic of liars, they are all evil in someway or another. Rev. Dimmesdale hates himself, because he is the Great Rev. who everyone looks up to but he himself is living in a total lie, so much that he is his own worst enemy. ?He thus typified the constant introspection wherewith he tortured, but could not purify himself? his bad deed (141). The character of Roger Chillingworth is symbolic of his own name. ?We (Dimmesdale and Hester) are not, Hester, the worst sinners in the world. There is one worse than even the polluted priest! That old man's revenge has blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart (179).? This is the unpardonable sin which make Chillingworth pure evil, the devil at heart. Pearl, Hester's child, is symbolic of changing Puritan society. She is the out come and cause of the scarlet letter. Born of sin, rebellious to the Puritan way of life, but not evil. When Wilson first sees her, he calls her a ?Red Rose?, then letter asks he who made her. She intelligently responds without hesitation, that she was plucked off the rose bush outside the prison door. Winston 3 Hester Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter, use of symbolism adds to the story. Without his effective use of symbolism the plot, theme, the whole novel would not flow. By allowing so many locations, colors, and people to have more than just one general meaning, allows the reader think, ?what if?. Hawthorne uses symbolism in The Scarlet Letter is so effective it urges the reader to read the novel more than once. By adding this marvelous feature he makes it clear to what he is trying to accomplish. In this novel locations, colors, and people are all major elements of symbolism that add to the story. Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Bercovitch, Sacvan ?The Scarlet Letter: A Twice- Told Tale? Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 10/12/1996 Online 23 March 2000 Available: http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/sb1.html. The writer

The Radio Broadcasting Industry

The Radio Broadcasting Industry Free Online Research Papers Radio broadcasting industry is a versatile, fun and rewarding stepping stone into a multitude of careers, which is why I hope to one day use it to break into the entertainment industry. The radio industry is so broad that it can help you get your foot in the door for so many other careers that deal with things like marketing, public relations, entertainment, politics, sales as well as others. Through a radio station you get chances to work with organizations that help people such as charity organizations. Through the radio station you can do on site broadcasts at places like clubs, mall openings, car wash events, parades and you get plenty of chances to meet all sorts of different people by doing interviews and doing onsite reporting of major events. The skills you learn starting out in radio translate so easily to so many other industries that it makes it easy to start in it and then jump to a related career. Through radio you learn how to give public presentations, analyze a demographic, deal with the public, organize and manage a group of people. You can start out as a DJ, hone your public speaking skills, and then move to a job in the marketing department, gaining skills that you can take to a whole slew of other jobs. If you were to stay at the radio station and decide to move from marketing to program manager, then you can gain managerial skills that will also help you in a multitude of other career paths. Not only that but you could also move to one of the many other positions at the radio station and gain many other skills that branch off into so many options that it could boggle the mind. The radio is an entertainment industry you could also break into voice acting as well as stage acting and you could even start acting in movies. The radio industry helps out communities by helping local charities, running charitable events, and having educational shows. Radio stations are always hosting events for charities and helping to get the word out about events those charities run. For example one station is helping the Yvette Gate bone marrow campaign by getting the word out by posting a page about Yvette Gate as well as links to more information on their website. A different radio station has a program called Crime Stoppers, where they advertise it on the air and on their website. They let people know who to get in contact with for home security systems and weekly updates on things like crime news, appeals and advice as well as a number for people to get more information from. Radio stations, mostly talk stations, run show that inform the public on multitude of different topics that can range from realty to great historic figures. I believe all this makes the radio industry a very rewarding career choice. Working in radio and doing all the events and interviews is fun and exhilarating. As a DJ you have chances to go to large events like mall opening, car shows and even the state fair. Not only that but you also get a chance to a weekly show where all you do is go to the bar, have a good time and continue what you do in the studio. If you work for a big station in a big market you also get many chances to interview celebrities, and sometimes you don’t even have to be in a large market some times, in a small market, you get to interview small town heroes. I believe the most exhilarating part about being in the radio industry, primarily being a DJ, is creating the skits for shows. For example the onion radio news makes up all of their stories; I enjoy the idea of just making up funny stuff. Another example is the Bob and Tom morning show; it is a kind of sketch comedy radio show where they do funny songs and interview song writers and comedians as well as all the normal stuff for a morning. The greatest thing is that after working hard and establishing yourself you get more creative control over the shows you do. That is my dream job, having my very own radio show. I am an entertainer, I love telling jokes and making other people laugh. I am also good at making funny and weird voices and sounds. I would really like to balance a radio show with a voice acting career. I have always dreamed of being the voice of some cartoon characters. Granted I do not have the skill to mimic my favorite cartoon voices but I really don’t want to mimic, I want have my own characters. If I work long and hard to prove I have what it takes, I will make it and be able to have creative control in most of my show and in what parts I do for voice acting. That is why I am going to school at brown college. I know that I need to start on this path some where and I have looked at colleges all over Minnesota and brown is the most famous and best out of the like 3 colleges that offer radio broadcasting program in Minnesota. It also gives me connections, which a necessity for radio, like the conclave and a job placemen t program that is life long. As a radio broadcaster you also have to have some technical intelligence for running the board, the thing with all the buttons in the studio, and I hope to be able to have such knowledge of the technical side of radio that I could also be a technician for the radio station that runs my shows. Basically I want to be able to do anything and everything at the station I work at. I know it will be a long and arduous journey that does not bring rewards immediately but in the long run to me all that hard work and diligence is worth it. Research Papers on The Radio Broadcasting IndustryBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Hockey GameDefinition of Export QuotasStandardized Testing

Give an account of the carbon cycle within the global ecosystem Essay

Give an account of the carbon cycle within the global ecosystem - Essay Example Enhancing the understanding of biological aspects of the world carbon cycle is significant in foretelling possible effects of climate change, estimating the viability of adaptation to change in climate, and strategies of mitigation as well as informing crucial policy choices. Extensive understanding is required into the function of bacterial organisms in various crucial activities of the carbon circulation. In various cases, such microbial facilitated processes are lowly reflected in the models of the carbon cycle that may hinder predictive ability and resolution scale, (Cowie, 2007, p.43). Reduction of black boxes will need creative approaches directed at connecting in operational and practical microbial community attributes with qualitative measurement of the process of the carbon cycle. Carbon is an extremely critical element, as it constitutes organic matter that is a crucial aspect on all forms of life. Carbon assumes a critical path on ecosystem - the carbon flow or cycle, (KondratÊ ¹ev, Krapivin and Varotsos, 2003, p.32). Therefore, through tracing the carbon cycle route, scientist can study flows of energy on the earth because some of the chemical life requirement is found in organic matter as bonds between atoms of carbon and other atoms. The carbon circulation mainly entails land carbon cycles and marine flow. The aquatic cycle entails the flow of carbon elements via marine environments while the terrestrial cycle involves the flow of carbon via terrestrial environments. Atmospheric CO2 originates from various sources such as natural and human activities. CO2 and other natural gases (greenhouse gases) in the air absorb earth’s radiation, taking up atmospheric heat and leading to earth atmospheric warming, (Archer, 2010, p.21). Even though, a greenhouse also functions by taking up sun energy, the physical processes involved are different. The cycle of carbon is anchored on CO2

Organizational ledership at the Huffington Post Essay

Organizational ledership at the Huffington Post - Essay Example The researcher states that Arianna Huffington currently serves as President and Editor-in-Chief of The Huffington Post Media Group, which following the acquisition of her website in 2011 by AOL, includes responsibility for a number of associated online properties owned by the multi-media conglomerate. Huffington’s leadership and organization ability was clearly recognized by AOL at the time of the acquisition, and she appears to have taken on even more responsibility at the new company than she had when The Huffington Post was independent. Arianna Huffington recently became embroiled in a media turmoil related to corporate management at AOL when she effectively fired Michael Arrington, the editor and founder of the popular ‘TechCrunch’ blog which had also been acquired by AOL. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of Arrington’s conflict of interest in publishing stories on venture capital themes and start-up companies in which he was also to lead investme nt in, many analysts were surprised more by the apparent power that Huffington had acquired within AOL itself in corporate management. Arianna Huffington’s rise to power, wealth, and fame spans 60 years from her birth in Greece, education at Cambridge, and activism in conservative Republican causes for her husband in the 1980’s, to running for governor of California in the 1990’s and founding The Huffington Post in 2005. She is widely regarded to have changed the way news in published, read, and discussed with her blog and social network driven website. A review of Arianna Huffington’s life and organizational leadership style depict a portrait of an extremely powerful, well connected, and successful woman who has achieved a position of strength in America’s cultural, political, and corporate environments that few other figures in history have achieved. 2) The Current Situation of the Huffington Post The AOL Company of today, led by CEO Tim Armstron g, is a vastly different organization than the original â€Å"America Online† company that merged with Time-Warner in 2000 under the direction of CEO Steve Case. The AOL merger has become a case study in business management and is seen as one of the worst corporate management mistakes of all time. AOL emerged as the gateway to the internet for millions of first time users in the late 1990’s through its telephone-based ISP services. It has since come to be seen as one of the leading examples of the â€Å"dotcom† era, the huge speculative frenzy that coincided with the initial internet boom in the stock market. (Case, 2011) At the time of the merger in 2000, AOL had a market value of around $163 billion dollars, and was considered on equal standing with the media giant Time-Warner in value based on market capitalization. (Johnson, 2000) Nine years later, Time-Warner â€Å"spun-off† AOL from its business organization, as a new company with a second IPO, and its market capitalization was just over $3 billion dollars. (Bavdek, 2009) AOL’s dial-up based ISP business had been made nearly redundant by advances in broadband, wireless, and mobile technologies. What remains unclear is why the Time-Warner-AOL merger failed so badly, in that management was unable to bring any value from the venture or integration between all of the media channels, internet sites, and cable networks brought together under the single company organization. Instead, a staggering $160 billion dollars of market capitalization was lost or squandered by the deal through corporate managem

The Life Of Sachin Tendulkar Essay

The Life Of Sachin Tendulkar Essay As said by the legend Amitabh Bachchan himself Sachin (Tendulkar) is the heartbeat of our nation. The country breathes every time he goes out to play and when he is out, the country stops breathing. Demi God, The Master Blaster, Bombay Bomber, the little master, Sach, slashin sachin, 4+6=10ulkar, 10ulkar, God of Cricket and so on and so forth . This is the presence of Sachin Tendulkar in the World Cricket. One sports personality who still remains uncorrupted and unassuming as ever. Champion in the Making Early life and beyond Sachin Tendulkar comes from a humble and cultured background of a middle-class family. His father, Prof. Ramesh Tendulkar was a poet and a professor of Marathi Literature. Prof Ramesh eldest son Nitin also became a literary and poet and was recognized by the state government for his first book. But it was not Nitin Tendular who needed constant vigilance; it was the familys youngest, the trouble maker MASTER SACHIN was. When young he played in the playground day and night without wanting to come back home for his afternoon meals and nap. Sometimes his grandmother or mother would have to tie up one of his legs to a wooden chair so that he does not go out playing yet again and then go back to their knittings. Sachin attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir (High School) and began his cricketing career under the guidance of his mentor and coach, Ramakant Achrekar. Sachin used to practice for hours in the nets. When he got tired his mentor would put a One Ruppee coin on the stumps, and the bowler who would be able to dismiss Sachin would get the coin. If on the other hand Sachin would pass the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Sachin today considers his 13 coins he had won, some of his most prized possessions. Humility and Credibility has always been in Sachins innate nature and his strongest of allies from his days of nobody to a super celebrity. In his early years also, as told by his elder brother, he has not once seen sachin behave in an insensitive or arrogant manner. Respect and Responsibility: A quality which is not replaceable is his respect for his elders. Before embarking on his tour he never forgets to take the blessings of his elders in the family. And also he never forgets to buy each of his family members something when he returns from the tour. There is another endearing quality that Sachin has, which is he never gets angry. He has no known enemy in the media circuit neither does he have any favorites. To those who have offended and criticized him by their writings, he has only one philosophy: Pressmen too are entitled to having their bad days. Sachin allows nothing to affect him. In the early years of his career, he understood his responsibility towards Environment and social responsibility. He had never endorsed any alcohol brand, cigarettes and pan masala, when other of his counter parts were endorsing the same. The Person: At the age when others play gully cricket,, Sachin was already shoulder to shoulder with names like Kapil Dev and Mohammed Azharuddin. There is unanimity that achievement and fame has not changed Sachin a bit even though he had started earning exceeding well very early in his career. And today also, apart from his passion for Luxury Cars and Fast Driving his interest still remains of a middle class person Family, Music, good food and Friends. Even though Sachin is a private person but he is not a hermit. He is frivolous and fun-loving when and where he wants to be. One more aspect is that sachin is very kind-hearted which is imprinted in him even today because of his upbringing and values given by his parents. His parents had always given their children liberty to do what they want and they made sure that this trust was never breached. Even when the decision of changing Sachins School came, sachins father spoke to him to know his feelings even at that young age. Sachin: The Patriot As noticed by photographer Pradeep Mandhani retells that when Sachin had landed in Johannesburg in 1992-1993 for a tour to South Africa, the team had to visit the Tolstoy Farm, Mahatma Gandhis first Satyagrah Movement, founded in 1910. The Indian player showed little interested as they wanted to rest first, but that did not stop the young inquisitive Sachin to stop his questions from the guide about our Father of the Nation. Still a teenager and hungry for information about Mahatma Gandhi showed his pride for the Nation. On his tour to Pakistan in the year 1997, Joseph Hoover, a journalist, suggested sachin about doing something for the underprivileged of the society. He immediately agreed and asked him his plans, and he had no plans as it was a casual remark. But within minutes he arranged for bats to be sent to Bangalore which the players would sign and later they will be auctioned. Man of his word: Sachin became the first overseas player to be a part of Yorkshire. He had assured his presence for the benefit. The coordinators were scared that it would be a huge blow if he will not turn up. But when called, he unworriedly told him that when he gives his word, he honors it. Sachin kept his word. Sachins standing and reputation is such that when he was wrongly accused of ball tampering the whole Nation rose protest the allegation. The sentiments of the masses were told by former BCCI president NKP Salve when he said that Sachin cannot cheat. He is to cricket what Gandhi Ji was to politics. It was clear discrimination in his opinion. The ICC (International Cricket Council) was enforced to explain that Sachins only mistake was to remove the grass of the ball without informing the umpire, which is not ball tampering. Even after being born and brought uo in a Marathi family, Sachin has never protested or shown any prejudice against North Indians like the Shiv Sena (political party in Maharashtra) who have unleashed an anti-north Indian campaign. Bal Thackeray ( party president) lasted his anger at Sachin, when he had quoted that Mumbai is a part of India and that how he sees it. He also said that he is a Maharashtraian and am extremely proud of that, but first he is an Indian. These remarks by Sachin were of a true Indian who does not belong to one particular state but a country first. A true Patriot à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Inspirational: Sachin had failed in exams in Boards. At that time, it was considered shameful to fail in school, but that did not stop his love and passion for cricket. A persistent back problem flared up when Pakistan had come for a tour in India in 1999, and India lost a historic test series, despite a rough century by Sachin. Worse was to come when Sachins father, Prof. Ramesh Tendulkar passed away in the middle of 1999 Cricket World Cup. Sachin led India tour to Australia after being named the new captain, where they lost the series by the new world champions. Sachin gave up his captaincy and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000. Sachin had made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 World Cup which led to India playing in final against the defending champions- Australia. While Australia reserved the trophy, sachin was awarded the Man of the Series. Sachin made his mark in the drawn series of India tour to Australia in 2003-2004 in the last test series where he made a double century. In 2004, eyebrows were raised again when Sachin injured his elbow, leaving him out of sight for almost a year, coming back only for a test series with Austalia in India. He did play his part in Indias win in the Mumbai Test but the series went to Austalia in 2004. After his tour to England in 2006, the news of his shoulder operation raised more question of his longevity in cricket.And today he is the worlds best, and the highest earning cricketer. His attitude towards life and the game is what should inspire us. Dedication: In the year 1998-1999, Australian Cricket Team was scheduled to tour India for a Test Match and Tri Series. Although the Australian team had great players like Steve Waugh, Mark Taylor, Mark Waugh and Ian Harley, there was this one guy who had made ripples in the cricket world that was Shane Warne. Even though the Indian team were good against spinners but this guy had it in him to swindle the Indians in their home ground. Preceding the test series the Australian Team was scheduled to play a warm up match with Mumbai Ranji Trophy Team in Mumbai. Sachin was also to feature in that game for Mumbai. Sachin was aware of the hazard which Shane Warne could pose and hence about one month before the Australian Team arrived in Mumbai, he had sent a SOS to Laxman Shivaramakrishnan (a former Indian Leg spinner). Sachin arranged for him to come to Mumbai so that he could practise against various leg spinners as Shivaram was a good exponent of the googly and flipper. Sachin practised along with him everyday for 5-6 hours in the heat for around 20 days before the Australian Team arrived in Mumbai. They say God helps those who help themselves and Patience is the key to Success. And so it was in case of Sachin Tendulkar. In this warm up game, sachin smashed Shane Warne and the fellow Australians and scored a glorious 204 and the rest is history. Later on he played Shane Warne with no difficulty Practise is the simplest thing which we should focus for instead we move around for other things which never guarantee success and even if it would have given success, it would be short term nature. Sachin is a person who gives a lot of attention to values and things that matters to him, be it how small they are from others perspective. Like many sports personalities, Sachin also has his own superstitions and mementos which he holds a special place in his life. As an example, Sachin was gifted with a pair of pads by his cricket hero Sunil Gavaskar when he was a school. And when he made his Test debut for India against Pakistan aged just 16-years old in 1989 wearing those very pads Lessons from his Journey: Dedication and Commitment His hard work at the nets is just an example of how dedicated Sachin Tendulkar is to the game of cricket. He has in the process not only mastered the techniques of shot making but also has invented shots which bear his signature. An aspiring speaker should also be dedicated to his art, he should spend long hours researching, preparing and rehearsing his speeches. He should become sound in his understanding of the art. Passion and Drive to Excel If he fails at batting, youll see him make up for it in the field. Either hell get some crucial wickets or take brilliant catches or make extra effort in preventing runs from being scored. If nothing of this happens, hell be there with a right piece of strategy for the captain. The bottom line is simple: He has a great passion for the game. And he pushes himself to excel each time he goes out to play. An aspiring speaker should show great passion for public speaking. He should be driven by the quest for excellence and never settle for mediocrity. Enjoying the Game As you watch Sachin Tendulkar play, youll never have a feel that he is at work. He is always at play, enjoying the game. That is perhaps the greatest secret of success. Enjoying what you do in life. Most speakers look at their given assignments with dread. This is a defeatist attitude. Instead, if the speaker can learn to enjoy his time on stage, hell come up with better performances. Hell then engage the audience with some cherished moments of inspiring integration of words and action; thought and emotion, style and substance. The Audience Factor Sachin Tendulkar will be remembered not just for the volume of runs or the number of centuries he made. Instead hell be remembered most for the way in which he played the game. How he entertained, how he mesmerized, how he took the battle to the opposition often single-handedly, how he wrote poetry with his foot movements, balance, poise and delicate touches with the bat. In short, he entertained. Aspiring speakers can learn something from him in this regard. It is not just delivering some words committed to memory that counts, but how you can entertain the crowd. That is how lively and interesting your presentation was to the audience. Planning and Pacing the Innings None of Sachins great innings happened by chance. Instead it was careful planning and precise execution of it that helped him achieve success. Life too is an innings that we play. We need to learn how to pace our innings. There are times to go slow; there are times to accelerate. There are moments to be still and there are times to cut loose. An aspiring speaker should note that great speeches have a cadence of their own. There is music and rhythm in it. There is occasional rise and fall. Sometimes the delivery of the speech sounds like a hurricane; and at other times it soothes like still soft music. Effective is the man who has learned to keep his performance within his allotted time. Raising the Level of the Game Great champions need great opposition to bring out the best in them. Sachin Tendulkar is no exception. His ability to raise the level of his game during demanding situations has often been proved. When that happens there is a different quality to his game. There is something different, something that cant be defined, and something that seems out of the ordinary in his game. Great speakers too raise their level of performance when the mood, the occasion and the content of their speech demand it of them. Like how Tendulkar makes his batting look so much easy because he hides his art in it. So also a speaker should lay hold of his art in such a way so as to make it look so easy. It is at such moments great art is witnessed and heard by the audience. Consistency and Perseverance Sachin Tendulkar has had his moments of failure. Those moments prove to us beyond doubt that he is an ordinary human being just like one of us. But what makes him different is his ability to be patient when his critics cry out for his blood. Instead of speaking he lets his bat do the talking. And his long and illustrious career has been one long string of achievements that has shut the mouths of his critics. His averages in both versions of the game are testimony to his consistency and perseverance. Speakers need to be consistent. They should earn a reputation by consistently delivering well. At the same time they should also learn to persevere when bad days come. The secret is to keep on doing what youre good at and maintain the confident belief that if you had done well in the past you can do better in future. ACHIEVEMENTS: Sachin is broadly regarded as one of the greatest batmen in the history of world cricket. He holds the world record for the most number of Man of the Match (MoM) and Man of the Series (MoS) awards in ODI matches. Sachin Tendulkar is the most inexhaustible run scorer in one-day internationals with 17,598 runs. With a current aggregate of 13447 Test runs, he exceeded Brian Laras previous record count of 11,953 runs as the highest run scorer in the test matches in 2008 in Mohali, India. Sachin regarded this as one of his biggest achievements in the 19 years of career. He also holds the record of highest number of centuries in ODI cricket (46) as well as Test (48). Sachin has scored over 1000 runs seven times in a calendar year in ODIs, and he scored 1894 runs in 1998, easily the highest record for the runs scored by any player in a single calendar year for one day internationals. Sachin became the first player ever to reach 10,000-11,000-12,000-13,000-14,000-15,000, 16,000 and 17,000 ODI runs Official Awards Arjuna Award, for achievements in Cricket in 1994. Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1997 Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Indias highest sporting honor 1997/1998 Indias fourth highest civilian award- Padma Shri in 1999 Indias second highest civilian award: Padma Vibhushan in 2008 Sachin has become a mentor for the youth with his dedication, love and passion for the game and his country. He is an inspiration to every individual in India and the world.

Insulin Resistance In Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay

Correlation of Insulin Resistance in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus utilizing Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance ( HOMA-IR ) with organic structure mass index ( BMI ) and Waist-Hip ratio ( WHR ) . Diabetess type 2 is a chronic upset characterized by variable grades of insulin opposition, impaired insulin secernment, and increased glucose production. It consequences from a combination of distinguishable familial and metabolic defects in insulin action and/or secretion.1, 2 Insulin opposition is the reduced ability of insulin to move efficaciously on mark tissues and is a outstanding characteristic of type 2 DM.3-6 It besides consequences from a combination of familial susceptibleness and fleshiness, and has a positive correlativity with organic structure bole fat, ( BMI ) , organic structure fat mass ( kilogram ) , and organic structure fat percentage.4, 6-16 Intra-abdominal fat terminals and lessening in femoral fat are besides independent lending factors for insulin resistance.14 Higher degrees of go arounding insulin will nevertheless normalise the plasma glucose, therefore insulin opposition slightly comparative. The most common type of insulin opposition is associated with corpulence and obesity.8 A fasting serum insulin degree of greater than the upper bound of normal for the check used is considered grounds of insulin opposition. However the gilded criterion for look intoing and quantifying insulin opposition is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clinch method. But due to the complicated nature of this technique ( and the possible dangers of hypoglycaemia in some patients ) , options have been sought to simplify the measuring of insulin opposition. The first was the Homeostasis Model Assessment ( HOMA-IR ) . Fasting insulin and glucose degrees are used in both to cipher insulin opposition, and both correlative moderately with the consequences of clamping studies.17-19 HOMA-IR is a utile method to find insulin opposition in epidemiological studies.17, 19, 20 Similarly, beta cell map can be assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment Beta ( HOMA-? ) .19 Several surveies have shown correlativity of IR with WC and WHR and these patients are at hazard for developing complications like indispensable high blood pressure, type 2 Diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.8 Each addition of 15 centimeter in the WC is associated with an addition of the hazard hyperglycaemia and IR ( 65 % and 123 % , severally ) . The cut-off points that better discriminated work forces and adult females, with and without IR, were 105 and 91 centimeter, with a sensitiveness of 62 % ( 95 % assurance interval [ CI ] , 46-77 % ) and 71 % ( 95 % CI, 54-85 % ) , and a specificity of 72 % ( 95 % CI, 66-78 % ) and 68 ( 95 % CI, 63-73 % ) , respectively.21 Prevalence of corpulence and fleshiness is high in type2 diabetes. This has been reported at 10.4 % and 79.4 % respectively.22 One survey demonstrated high prevalence of insulin opposition and impaired glucose tolerance associated with organic structure bole fat, among corpulent non-diabetic striplings. Insulin opposition was positively correlated with organic structure bole fat ( R = 0.457 ; P = 0.001 ) , BMI ( r = 0.417 ; P = 0.003 ) , organic structure fat mass ( kilogram ) ( r = 0.386 ; P = 0.006 ) and organic structure fat per centum ( R = 0.285 ; P = 0.047 ) . Furthermore, there was a negative correlativity between HOMA-IR and thin organic structure mass.7 The principle of this survey is that non much research work has been done on insulin opposition in Pakistan, and maintaining in head the part of insulin opposition to the development of complications, it is indispensable to find its prevalence which will enable us to step in at an early phase to forestall such complications. Besides with increasing figure of fleshy and corpulent patients and association of fleshiness with insulin opposition and development of complications, it is imperative to step in at an early phase and forestall the associated morbidity and mortality.AimTo find the correlativity of insulin opposition with organic structure mass index and waist hip ratio in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Operational DefinitionHomeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin ResistanceBody Mass IndexBMI = Mass ( kilogram ) / ( Height ( metres ) ) 2Material and MethodStudy design: Cross-sectional Study. Puting: Medical Unit II, Civil Hospital Karachi. Duration of survey: Minimal six months after blessing of outline. Sample size: Using correlativity of BMI and insulin opposition of 0.417, presuming correlativity of insulin opposition and WHR of 0.28, assurance interval of 95 % and power of survey 90 % , the sample size is calculated as 100 topics. Sampling technique Non-probability back-to-back sampling. Sample choice Inclusion standards: All patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exclusion standards Patients with ischaemic bosom disease, nephritic disfunction, liver disfunction, thyroid disfunction and morbific diseases. Patients on weight decrease planData Collection ProcedureEthical blessing from competent authorization will be sought. Patients will be enrolled after taking informed consent. Data collected at survey entry will include age, medical history, smoke and intoxicant imbibing wonts, and anthropometric indices including waist perimeter, hip perimeter, blood force per unit area, fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin degree. Fasting blood samples will be obtained by cubital venipuncture and so shipped to a individual research lab for analysis. Plasma fasting glucose degrees will be measured enzymatically utilizing an automatic analyser. Fasting plasma insulin will be measured by radioimmunoassay. HOMA-IR and HOMA-? will be calculated utilizing a antecedently mentioned formula.10 Other blood chemical markers will besides be measured utilizing widely accepted methods. Measurements of anthropometric indices and blood force per unit area will be carried out by trained staff. Information on medical history will be obtained utilizing a self-administered questionnaire.Data Analysis ProcedureCollected informations will be entered in PASW Statistic version 18.0. Mean  ± SD will be calculated for uninterrupted variables like age, weight, tallness, BMI, waist hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-? . Correlation of HOMA-IR and HOMA-? with BMI and waist hip ratio will be studied utilizing the Pearson correlativity coefficient.